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AUTHOR: 


OVIDIUS  NASO  P. 


TITLE: 


METAMORPHOSES 


PLACE: 


BOSTON 


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'       >  Meteuaorphoses.  Ent- 


Ovidius  Naso,  Publius. 


>:A 


Jife 


Metamorphose8(p.  Ovidius  Naso)  book  i;''tranP^ 
lated  into  English  blank  verse  by  Brookes  More^  ^=^^ 
with  a  foreword  by  Frederic  Allison.  lupper. 
Boston,  Cornhi  11, 1-1922.,  *       | 

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EDITED   BY  THE 


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(SUPPLEMENTARY  SERIES.) 


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Lately  published, 

THE    METAMOEPHOSES 


OF 


PUBLIUS    OVIDIUS    NASO 

TRANSLATED  IN  ENGLISH  BLANK  VERSE. 

By    HENEY    king,    M.A., 

Fellow  of  Wadham  College,  Oxford. 
Crown  8vo,  price  10s.  6d. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  CRITICISMS, 


it 


By  far  the  most  elegant  and  trustworthy  version  of  the  '  Metamorphoses ' 
in  the  Englisli  language,  from  which  maybe  formed  a  fair  conception  of  the 
special  attributes  of  Ovid  as  a  poet,  the  fertility  of  his  invention,  the  play 
of  his  fine  fancy,  the  tenderness  of  his  pathos,  and  the  easy  elegance,  and, 
at  times,  the  stately  march  of  his  sounding  versification.  .  .  .  Cordially 
do  we  commend  this  version  of  Ovid's  *  Metamorphoses  '  to  our  readers  as 
by  far  the  best  and  purest  in  our  langujige." — Graphic. 

"A  high  level  of  excellence  is  almost  everj'where  sustained,  and  we  could 
fill  columns  with  passages  which,  besides  being  singularly  faithful  as 
renderings  of  the  Latin,  are  fine  pieces  of  verse." — Spectator. 

*'  "We  gladly  bear  witness  to  the  pleasure  which  his  work  has  afforded  us, 
and  heartily  commend  it  to  those  who  care  to  possess  in  really  good 
English  verse  a  very  storehouse  of  mythology  and  early  classical  history." 
— Standard. 


METAMORPHOSES 


William  Blackwood  &  Sons,  Edinburgh  and  London. 


I 


METAMORPHOSES 


(P.  OVIDIUS  NASO) 


Book  I 


TRANSLATED  INTO  ENGLISH  BLANK  VERSE 


BT 


BROOKES  MORE 


AUTHOR  OF 

**  THE  beggar's  vision'*  "  SILENCE  AND  TRUE  LOVE 

*•  THE  lover's  ROSART'  ',  ETC. 


tt 


With  a  Foreword  by 
FREDERIC  ALLISON  TUPPER 


<    ( 

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It   *  * 


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THE   CORNHILL.  PUBLI&B^^G?  'POMfPA-NY 
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Copyright,  1922 
by 

BROOKES   MORE 
All  rights  reserved 


TO  MY  SON 
TRENCHARD  MORE 


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c. 

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PRINTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA 


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CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Preface  by  Frederic  Allison  Tupper       .     .  1 

BOOK  I. 

The  Creation 8 

The  Four  Ages ^ 

Giants 1^ 

Lycaon  Changed  to  a  Wolf — 14 

The  Deluge — 19 

The  Pythian  Games  — 29 

Daphne  and  Phcebus — 32 

16  AND  Jupiter 40 


METAMORPHOSES 


n 


PREFACE 


The  eastern  skies  of  modern  thought  are  flushed 
Iwith  the  dawn  of  a  Classic  revival.     The  transient 
[ark  ages  of  dollar  education,  finding  neither  comfort 
Ifor  the  present  nor  hope  for  the  future  in  such  rewards 
as  gross  materialism  aflFords,  turn  eagerly  to  the  morn- 
[ing  light  of  the  ageless  Classics.    Again  Homer's  "un- 
j harvested",  "loud-roaring"  sea  dashes  with  its  con- 
Isolatory  monotone  on  the  shores  of  time.    Again  the 
I  "rosy-fingered"  Dawn  is  becoming  something  personal, 
living  and  loving.    The  recognition  of  the  basic  truth 
I  of  the  Greek  tragedies,  as  essential  to  the  full  compre- 
hension of  the  drama  of  modern  life,  is  growing  apace. 
(Thomas  Hardy,  that  supreme  master  of  the  truth  that 
is  "stranger  than  fiction",  is  in  spirit  a  Greek.    Not 
ifrom  scholars  alone  come  the  appeals  for  the  restora- 
tion of  the  classics  to  their  rightful  throne  usurped  by 
the  base  impostors  of  superficiality  and  sham.     So 
►long  as  the  words  of  Emerson, 

"  What  is  excellent 

As  God  lives y  is  permanent;'' 

Ishall  awaken  sympathetic  vibrations  in  the  heart  of  man, 
[so  long  shall  "the  glory  that  was  Greece  and  the  gran- 
deur that  was  Rome  "  appeal  to  every  lover  of  the  truth. 


-*.-  ,^  -  ni»»«yi"iiw 


■  p'HP""  fmm  w 


■"»'  1 


PREFACE 


/ 


The  dramatic  ^^Homo  sum'\  of  Terence,  "I  am  a 
man  and  nothing  human  is  foreign  to  my  interest",    '1 
evoked  the  enthusiastic  applause  of  the  ancients  and 
will  re-echo  forever  down  the  "corridors  of  time". 

In  view  of  these  glad  tidings  of  a  great  classic  revival, 
it  is  a  peculiar  pleasure  to  announce  Mr.  Brookes 
More's  poetical  translation  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses. 
The  poet  Ovid,  too  long  misunderstood  and  underrated, 
has  found  a  valiant  champion  and  a  faithful  and  sym- 
pathetic interpreter  in  Mr.  More.  Only  a  true  poet 
can  do  justice  to  a  brother  poet  of  a  diflFerent  age  and 
a  diflFerent  language.  The  heart  in  every  age  and  in 
every  tongue  has  a  language  all  its  own.  And,  so,  the 
brilliant  imagination,  the  unparalleled  felicity  of  ex- 
pression, and  the  matchless  fluency  of  the  classic  poet, 
find  in  Mr.  More  an  interpreter  so  competent,  so  loyal, 
and  so  felicitous,  that  the  translation,  so  inadequately 
but  admiringly  introduced  in  this  preface,  is  destined  to 
become  the  standard  translation  of  Ovid  for  the  English- 
speaking  world. 

Frederic  Allison  Tupper. 


THE  CREATION 


My  soul  is  wrought  to  sing  of  forms  transformed 
To  bodies  new  and  strange !    Immortal  Gods 
Inspire  my  heart,  for  ye  have  changed  yourselves 
And  all  things  you  have  changed !    Oh  lead  my  song 
In  smooth  and  measured  strains,  from  olden  days 
When  earth  began  to  this  completed  time ! 

Before  the  ocean  and  the  earth  appeared  — 
Before  the  skies  had  overspriead  them  all  — 
The  face  of  Nature  in  a  vast  expanse 
Was  naught  but  Chaos  uniformly  waste. 
It  was  a  rude  and  undeveloped  mass. 
That  nothing  made  except  a  ponderous  weight ; 
And  all  discordant  elements  confused. 
Were  there  congested  in  a  shapeless  heap. 

As  yet  the  sun  afforded  earth  no  light, 
Nor  did  the  moon  renew  her  crescent  horns; 
The  earth  was  not  suspended  in  the  air 
Exactly  balanced  by  her  heavy  weight. 
Not  far  along  the  margin  of  the  shores 
Had  Amphitrite  stretched  her  lengthened  arms, — 


/ 


/ 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


THE  CREATION 


For  all  the  land  was  mixed  with  sea  and  air. 

The  land  was  soft,  the  sea  unfit  to  sail. 

The  atmosphere  opaque,  to  naught  was  given 

A  proper  form,  in  everything  was  strife, 

And  all  was  mingled  in  a  seething  mass  — 

With  hot  the  cold  parts  strove,  and  wet  with  dry 

And  soft  with  hard  and  weight  with  empty  void. 

But  God,  or  kindly  Nature,  ended  strife  — 
He  cut  the  land  from  skies,  the  sea  from  land. 
The  heavens  ethereal  from  material  air; 
And  when  were  all  evolved  from  that  dark  mass 
He  bound  the  fractious  parts  in  tranquil  peace. 
The  fiery  element  of  convex  heaven 
Leaped  from  the  mass  devoid  of  dragging  weight, 
And  chose  the  summit-arch  to  which  the  air 
As  next  in  quality  was  next  in  place. 
The  earth  more  dense  attracted  grosser  parts 
And  moved  by  gravity  sank  underneath; 
And  last  of  all  the  wide-surrounding  waves 
In  deeper  channels  rolled  around  the  globe. 


And  when  this  God  —  which  one  is  yet  un- 
known — 
Had  carved  asunder  that  discordant  mass. 
Had  thus  reduced  it  to  its  elements. 
That  every  part  should  equally  combine. 
When  time  began  He  rounded  out  the  earth 
And  moulded  it  to  form  a  mighty  globe. 
Then  poured  He  forth  the  deeps  and  gave  command 
That  they  should  billow  in  the  rapid  winds. 
That  they  should  compass  every  shore  of  earth.  — 
He  also  added  fountains,  pools  and  lakes. 
And  bound  with  shelving  banks  the  slanting  streams. 
Which  partly  are  absorbed  and  partly  join 
The  boundless  ocean.     Thus  received  amid 
The  wide  expanse  of  uncontrolled  waves. 
They  beat  the  shores  instead  of  crooked  banks. 

At  His  command  the  boundless  plains  extend. 
The  valleys  are  depressed,  the  woods  are  clothed 
In  green,  the  stony  mountains  rise.    And  as 
The  heavens  are  Intersected  on  the  right 


( 


I 


*•        ■*■        ^^    ■%».  .<■ 


1 


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{ 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


THE  CREATION 


By  two  broad  zones,  by  two  that  cut  the  left, 
And  by  a  fifth  consumed  with  ardent  heat, 
With  such  a  number  did  the  careful  God 
Mark  off  the  compassed  weight,  and  thus  the  earth 
Received  as  many  climes.  —  Such  heat  consumes 
The  middle  zone  that  none  may  dwell  therein; 
And  two  extremes  are  covered  with  deep  snow; 
And  two  are  placed  betwixt  the  hot  and  cold. 
Which  mixed  together  give  a  temperate  clime; 
And  over  all  the  atmosphere  suspends 
With  weight  proportioned  to  the  fiery  sky, 
Exactly  as  the  weight  of  earth  compares 
With  weight  of  water. 


But  each  discordant  brother  fixed  in  space, 
Although  His  power  can  scarce  restrain  their  rage 
To  rend  the  universe.    At  His  command 
To  far  Aurora,  Eurus  took  his  way, 
To  Nabath,  Persia,  and  that  mountain  range 
First  gilded  by  the  dawn;  and  Zephyr's  flight 
Was  towards  the  evening  star  and  peaceful  shores, 
Warm  with  the  setting  sun;  and  Boreas 
Invaded  Scythia  and  the  northern  snows; 
And  Auster  wafted  to  the  distant  south 
Where  clouds  and  rain  encompass  his  abode.  — 
And  over  these  He  fiixed  the  liquid  sky. 
Devoid  of  weight  and  free  from  earthly  dross. 


And  He  ordered  mist 
To  gather  in  the  air  and  spread  the  clouds. 
He  fixed  the  thunders  that  disturb  our  souls. 
And  brought  the  lightning  on  destructive  winds 
That  also  waft  the  cold.     Nor  did  the  great 
Artificer  permit  these  mighty  winds 
To  blow  unbounded  in  the  pathless  skies. 


And  scarcely  had  He  separated  these 
And  fixed  their  certain  bounds,  when  all  the  stars. 
Which  long  were  pressed  and  hidden  in  the  mass, 
Began  to  gleam  out  from  the  plains  of  heaven. 
And  traversed,  with  the  Gods,  bright  ether  fields: 
And  lest  some  part  might  be  bereft  of  life 
The  gleaming  waves  were  filled  with  twinkling  fish ; 


6 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


/ 


The  earth  was  covered  with  wild  animals; 
The  agitated  air  was  filled  with  birds.  — 

But  one  more  perfect  and  more  sanctified, 
A  being  capable  of  lofty  thought, 
Intelligent  to  rule,  was  wanting  still  — 
Man  was  created !    Did  the  Unknown  God 
Designing  then  a  better  world  make  man 
Of  seed  divine?  or  did  He  mingle  earth 
(So  lately  separated  from  the  skies) 
With  flowing  streams,  and  thus  infuse  the  germs 
Of  highest  heaven  from  which  was  given  to  life 
iMpetus,  our  sire,  whose  form  was  made 
In  image  of  the  Gods  that  govern  all?  — 
On  earth  the  brute  creation  bends  its  gaze. 
But  man  was  given  a  lofty  countenance 
And  was  commanded  to  behold  the  skies; 
And  with  an  upright  face  may  view  the  stars :  — 
And  so  it  was  that  shapeless  clay  put  on 
The  form  of  man  till  then  unknown  to  earth. 

8 


/j 


THE  FOUR  AGES 


.\ 


First  was  the  Golden  Age.    Then  rectitude 
Spontaneous  in  the  heart  prevailed,  and  faith. 
Avengers  were  not  seen,  for  laws  unframed 
Were  all  unknown  and  needless.     Punishment 
And  fear  of  penalties  existed  not. 
No  harsh  decrees  were  fixed  on  brazen  plates. 
No  suppliant  multitude  the  countenance 
Of  justice  feared,  averting,  for  they  dwelt 
Without  a  judge  in  peace.    Descended  not 
The  steeps,  shorn  from  its  hight,  the  lofty  pine. 
Cleaving  the  trackless  waves  of  alien  shores. 
Nor  distant  realms  were  known  to  wandering  men. 
The  towns  were  not  entrenched  for  time  of  war; 
They  had  no  brazen  trumpets,  straight,  nor  horns 
Of  curving  brass,  nor  helmets,  shields  nor  swords. 
There  was  no  thought  of  martial  pomp  —  secure 
A  happy  multitude  enjoyed  repose. 

Then  of  her  own  accord  the  earth  produced 
A  store  of  every  fruit.    The  harrow  touched 
Her  not,  nor  did  the  plowshare  wound 

9 


/ 


J 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


I 


THE  FOUR  AGES 


Her  fields.     And  man  content  with  given  food. 
And  none  compelling,  gathered  arbute  fruits 
And  wild  strawberries  on  the  mountain  sides, 
And  ripe  blackberries  clinging  to  the  bush, 
And  cornels  and  sweet  acorns  on  the  ground, 
Down-fallen  from  the  spreading  tree  of  Jove. 
Eternal  Spring !    Soft-breathing  zephyrs  soothed 
And  warmly  cherished  buds  and  blooms,  produced 
Without  a  seed.    The  valleys  though  unplowed 
Gave  many  fruits;  the  fields  though  not  renewed 
White-ghstened  with  the  heavy  bearded  wheat: 
Rivers  flowed  milk  and  nectar,  and  the  bees 
Distilled  their  golden  stores  in  verdant  oaks. 

When  Saturn  had  been  banished  into  night 
And  all  the  world  was  ruled  by  Jove  supreme. 
The  Silver  Age,  though  not  so  good  as  gold 
But  still  surpassing  yellow  brass,  prevailed. 

Jove  first  reduced  to  years  the  Primal  Spring, 
By  him  divided  into  periods  four. 
Unequal,  —  summer,  autumn,  winter,  spring.  — 

10 


Then  glowed  with  tawny  heat  the  parch^i^  air, 
Or  pendent  icicles  in  winter  froze 
What  time  for  shelter  man  in  caverns  crouched. 
In  bushes  hid  —  or  rods  entwined  with  bark. 
Then  were  the  cereals  planted  in  long  rows. 
And  bullocks  groaned  beneath  the  heavy  yoke. 

The  third  Age  followed,  called  The  Age  of  Bronze, 
When  cruel  people  were  inclined  to  arms 
But  not  to  impious  crimes.    And  last  of  all 
The  ruthless  and  hard  Age  of  Iron  prevailed. 
From  which  malignant  vein  great  evil  sprung; 
And  modesty  and  faith  and  truth  took  fljight, 
And  in  their  stead  deceits  and  snares  and  frauds 
And  violence  and  wicked  love  of  gain, 
Succeeded.  —  Then  the  sailor  spread  his  sails 
To  winds  unknown,  and  keels  that  long  had  stood 
On  lofty  mountains  pierced  uncharted  waves. 
Surveyors  anxious  marked  with  metes  and  bounds 
The  lands,  created  free  as  light  and  air: 
Nor  need  the  rich  ground  furnish  only  crops, 

11 


/ 


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} 


,1 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


And  giv^  due  nourishment  by  right  required,  — 
They  penetrated  to  the  bowels  of  earth 
And  dug  up  wealth,  bad  cause  of  all  our  ills,  — 
Rich  ores  which  long  ago  the  earth  had  hid 
And  deep  removed  to  gloomy  Stygian  caves : 
And  soon  destructive  iron  and  harmful  gold 
Were  brought  to  light;  and  War,  which  uses  both. 
Came  forth  and  shook  with  sanguinary  grip 
His  clashing  arms.    Rapacity  broke  forth  — 
The  guest  was  not  protected  from  his  host. 
The  father-in-law  from  his  own  son-in-law; 
Even  brothers  seldom  could  abide  in  peace. 
The  husband  threatened  to  destroy  his  wife. 
And  she  her  husband :  horrid  step-dames  mixed 
The  deadly  henbane :  eager  sons  inquired 
Their  fathers'  ages.    Piety  was  slain: 
And  last  of  all  the  virgin  deity, 
Astrsea,  vanished  from  the  blood-stained  earth. 


4 


GIANTS 


12 


And  lest  ethereal  hights  should  long  remain 
Less  troubled  than  the  earth,  the  throne  of  Heaven 
Was  threatened  by  the  Giants;  and  they  piled 
Mountain  on  mountain  to  the  lofty  stars. 
But  Jove,  omnipotent,  shot  thunderbolts 
Through  Mount  Olympus,  and  he  overturned 
From  Ossa  huge,  enormous  Pelion. 
And  while  these  dreadful  bodies  lay  overwhelmed 
In  their  tremendous  bulk,  (so  fame  reports) 
The  Earth  was  reeking  with  the  copious  blood 
Of  her  gigantic  sons;  and  thus  replete 
With  moisture  she  infused  the  steaming  gore 
With  life  renewed.    And  lest  a  monument 
Of  that  ferocious  stock  should  thus  remain, 
She  made  that  offspring  in  the  shape  of  man;  — 
But  this  new  race  alike  despised  the  Gods, 
And  by  the  greed  of  savage  slaughter  proved 
A  sanguinary  birth. 

13 


/    ^ 


i' 

II'   # 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


LYCAON  CHANGED  TO  A  WOLF 

When,  from  his  throne 
Supreme,  the  Son  of  Saturn  viewed  their  deeds. 
He  deeply  groaned :  and  calling  to  his  mind 
The  loathsome  feast  LycaSn  had  prepared, 
A  recent  deed  not  common  to  report. 
His  soul  conceived  great  anger  —  worthy  Jove  — 
And  he  convened  a  coimcil.    No  delay 
Detained  the  chosen  Gods. 

When  skies  are  clear 
A  path  is  well-defined  on  high,  which  men, 
Because  so  white,  have  named  the  Milky-Way. 
It  makes  a  passage  for  the  deities 
And  leads  to  mansions  of  the  Thunder-God, 
To  Jove's  imperial  home.    On  either  side 
Of  its  wide  portals  noble  Gods  are  seen. 
Inferior  Gods  in  other  parts  abide. 
But  there  the  potent  and  renowned  of  Heaven 
Have  fijced  their  homes.  —  It  is  a  glorious  place, 
Our  most  audacious  verse  might  designate 


I 


(   I 


LYCAON  CHANGED  TO  A  WOLF  — 


The  "  Palace  of  High  Heaven. "    When  the  Gods 
Were  seated,  therefore,  in  its  marble  halls 
The  King  of  all  above  the  throng  sat  high, 
And  leaning  on  his  ivory  scepter,  thrice, 
And  once  again  he  shook  his  awful  locks. 
Wherewith  he  moved  the  earth,  and  seas  and  stars, — 
And  thus  indignantly  began  to  speak; 

"  The  time  when  serpent-footed  giants  strove 
To  fix  their  hundred  arms  on  captive  Heaven, 
Not  more  than  this  event  could  cause  alarm 
For  my  dominion  of  the  universe. 
Although  it  was  a  savage  enemy. 
Yet  warred  we  with  a  single  source  derived 
Of  one.    Now  must  I  utterly  destroy 
This  mortal  race  wherever  Nereus  roars 
Around  the  world.    Yea,  by  the  Infernal  Streams 
That  glide  through  Stygian  groves  beneath  the  world, 
I  swear  it.    Every  method  has  been  tried. 
The  knife  must  cut  immedicable  wounds, 
Lest  maladies  infect  untainted  parts. 


14 


15 


f  ., 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


/ 


/ 


( 


"Beneath  my  sway  are  demi-gods  and  fauns, 
Nymphs,  rustic  deities,  sylvans  of  the  hills,  [ 

Satyrs;  —  all  these,  unworthy  Heaven's  abodes,  j  j 

We  should  at  least  permit  to  dwell  on  earth 
Which  we  to  them  bequeathed.     What  think  ye,  Gods, 
Is  safety  theirs  when  I,  your  sovereign  lord. 
The  Thunder-bolt  Controller,  am  ensnared 
By  fierce  Lycaon?"    Ardent  in  their  wrath, 
The  astonished  Gods  demand  revenge  overtake 
This  miscreant;  he  who  dared  commit  such  crimes. 
Twas  even  thus  when  raged  that  impious  band 
To  blot  the  Roman  name  in  sacred  blood 
Of  Caesar,  sudden  apprehensive  fears 
Of  ruin  absolute  astonished  man, 
And  all  the  world  convulsed.    Nor  is  the  love 
Thy  people  bear  to  thee,  Augustus,  less 
Than  these  displayed  to  Jupiter  whose  voice 
And  gesture  all  the  murmuring  host  restrained: 
And  as  indignant  clamour  ceased,  suppressed 
By  regnant  majesty,  Jove  once  again 
Broke  the  deep  silence  with  imperial  words; 


{ 


\ 


LYCAON  CHANGED  TO  A  WOLF 


"Dismiss  your  cares;  he  paid  the  penalty: 
However  all  the  crime  and  punishment 
Now  learn  from  this :  —  An  infamous  report 
Of  this  unholy  age  had  reached  my  ears. 
And  wishing  it  were  false,  I  sloped  my  course 
From  high  Olympus,  and  —  although  a  God  — 
Disguised  in  human  form  I  viewed  the  world. 
It  would  delay  us  to  recount  the  crimes 
Unnumbered,  for  reports  were  less  than  truth. 

"I  crossed  o'er  Msenalus  where  fearful  dens 
Abound,  over  Lycaeus,  wintry  slopes 
Of  pine-tree  groves,  across  Cyllene  steep ; 
And  as  the  twilight  warned  of  night's  approach, 
I  stopped  in  that  Arcadian  tyrant's  realms 
And  entered  his  inhospitable  home:  — 
And  when  I  showed  his  people  that  a  God 
Had  come,  the  lowly  prayed  and  worshiped  me. 
But  this  Lycaon  mocked  their  pious  vows 
And  scojQSng  said;  *  A  fair  experiment 
Will  prove  the  truth  if  this  be  God  or  man.' 


16 


'■1^ 


17 


I  : 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


And  he  prepared  to  slay  me  in  the  night,  — 

To  end  my  slumbers  in  the  sleep  of  death. 

So  made  he  merry  with  his  impious  proof; 

But  not  content  with  this  he  cut  the  throat 

Of  a  Molossian  hostage  sent  to  him. 

And  partly  softened  his  still  quivering  limbs 

In  boiling  water,  partly  roasted  them 

On  fires  that  burned  beneath.    And  when  this  flesh 

Was  served  to  me  on  tables,  I  destroyed 

His  dwelling  and  his  worthless  Household-Gods, 

With  thunder-bolts  avenging.    Terror-struck 

He  took  to  flight,  and  on  the  silent  plains 

Is  howling  in  his  vain  attempts  to  speak; 

He  raves  and  rages  and  his  greedy  jaws, 

Desiring  their  accustomed  slaughter,  turn 

Against  the  sheep  —  still  eager  for  their  blood. 

His  vesture  separates  in  shaggy  hair, 

His  arms  are  changed  to  legs;  and  as  a  wolf 

He  has  the  same  grey  locks,  the  same  hard  face. 

The  same  bright  eyes,  the  same  ferocious  look. 

18 


( - 

'   5 


Hi 


b) 


i 


f 


I 


THE  DELUGE 


"  Thus  fell  one  house,  but  not  one  house  alone 
Deserved  to  perish;  over  all  the  earth 
Ferocious  deeds  prevail,  —  all  men  conspire 
In  evil.    Let  them  therefore  feel  the  weight 
Of  dreadful  penalties  so  justly  earned 
For  such  hath  my  unchanging  will  ordained." 

With  exclamations  some  approved  the  words 
Of  Jove  and  added  fuel  to  his  wrath, 
While  others  gave  assent :  but  all  deplored 
And  questioned  the  estate  of  earth  deprived 
Of  mortals.     Who  would  offer  frankincense 
Upon  the  altars?    Would  he  suffer  earth 
To  be  despoiled  by  hungry  beasts  of  prey? 
Such  idle  questions  of  the  state  of  man 
The  King  of  Gods  forbade,  but  granted  soon 
To  people  earth  with  race  miraculous. 
Unlike  the  first.    And  now  his  thunder-bolts 
Would  Jove  wide-scatter,  but  he  feared  the  flames, 
Unnumbered,  sacred  ether  might  ignite 
And  burn  the  axle  of  the  universe: 


19 


w 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


And  he  remembered  in  the  scroll  of  fate, 

There  is  a  time  appointed  when  the  sea 

And  earth  and  Heavens  shall  melt,  and  fire  destroy 

The  universe  of  mighty  labour  wrought. 

Such  weapons  by  the  skill  of  Cyclops  forged, 

For  different  punishment  he  laid  aside  — 

For  straightway  he  preferred  to  overwhelm 

The  mortal  race  beneath  deep  waves  and  storms 

From  every  raining  sky.    And  instantly 

He  shut  the  Northwind  in  .3Eolian  caves, 

And  every  other  wind  that  might  dispel 

The  gathering  clouds.    He  bade  the  Southwind  blow :  — 

The  Southwind  flies  abroad  with  dripping  wings, 
Concealing  in  the  gloom  his  awful  face: 
The  drenching  rain  descends  from  his  wet  beard 
And  hoary  locks;  dark  clouds  are  on  his  brows 
And  from  his  wings  and  garments  drip  the  dews : 
His  great  hands  press  the  overhanging  clouds; 
Loudly  the  thunders  roll;  the  torrents  pour; 
Iris,  the  messenger  of  Juno,  clad 

20 


THE  DELUGE  — 


I 


In  many-coloured  raiment,  upward  draws 
The  steaming  moisture  to  renew  the  clouds. 

The  standing  grain  is  beaten  to  the  ground, 
The  rustic's  crops  are  scattered  in  the  mire. 
And  he  bewails  the  long  year's  fruitless  toil. 

i 
I 

The  wrath  of  Jove  was  not  content  with  powers 

That  emanate  from  Heaven;  he  brought  to  aid 

His  azure  brother,  lord  of  flowing  waves. 

Who  called  upon  the  Rivers  and  the  Streams : 

And  when  they  entered  his  impearled  abode, 

Neptune,  their  ancient  ruler,  thus  began; 

"A  long  appeal  is  needless;  pour  ye  forth 

In  rage  of  power;  open  up  your  fountains; 

O'erwhelm  all  obstacles,  and  every  stream 

Pour  forth  in  boundless  floods."      Thus  he  commands. 

And  none  dissenting  all  the  Kiver-Gods 

Return,  and  opening  up  their  fountains  roll 

Tumultuous  to  the  deep  unfruitful  sea. 

21 


^ 


ii 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


I 
And  Neptune  with  his  trident  smote  the  EartJ^, 
Which  trembb'ng  with  unwonted  throes  heaved  up 
The  sources  of  her  waters  bare;  and  through 
Her  open  plains  the  rapid  rivers  rushed 
Resistless,  onward  bearing  the  waving  grain,  \ 

The  budding  groves,  the  houses,  sheep  and  men, ^ 

And  holy  temples,  and  their  sacred  urns. 
The  mansions  that  remained,  resisting  vast 
And  total  ruin,  deepening  waves  concealed 
And  whelmed  their  tottering  turrets  in  the  flood 
And  whirling  gulf.    And  now  one  vast  expanse,  ! 

The  land  and  sea  were  mingled  in  the  waste  / 

Of  endless  waves  —  a  sea  without  a  shore. 

One  desperate  man  seized  on  the  nearest  hill; 
Another  sitting  in  his  curved  boat. 
Plied  the  long  oar  where  he  was  wont  to  plow; 
Another  sailed  above  his  grain,  above 
His  hidden  dwelling;  and  another  hooked 
A  fish  that  sported  in  a  leafy  elm. 
Perchance  an  anchor  dropped  in  verdant  fields, 

22 


'      ♦ 


THE  DELUGE  — 


f 


fi 


•      l< 


Or  curving  keels  were  pushed  through  tangled  vines; 
And  where  the  gracile  goat  enjoyed  the  green, 
Unsightly  seals  reposed.     Beneath  the  waves 
Were  wondering  Nereids,  viewing  cities,  groves 
And  houses.     Dolphins  darting  mid  the  trees. 
Meshed  in  the  twisted  branches,  beat  against 
The  shaken  oak  trees.    There  the  sheep,  aff rayed, 
Swim  with  the  frightened  wolf,  the  surging  waves 
Bear  tigers  and  lions:  availeth  naught 
His  lightning-shock  the  wild  boar,  nor  avails 
The  stag's  fleet-footed  speed.    The  wandering  bird. 
Seeking  umbrageous  groves  and  hidden  vales. 
With  wearied  pinion  droops  into  the  sea. 
The  waves  increasing  surge  above  the  hills, 
And  rising  waters  dash  on  mountain  tops. 
Myriads  by  the  waves  are  swept  away, 
And  those  the  waters  spare,  for  lack  of  food, 
Starvation  slowly  overcomes  at  last. 

A  fruitful  land  and  fair  but  now  submerged 
Beneath  a  wilderness  of  rising  waves, 
'Twixt  Acte  and  Aonia,  Phocis  lies, 

23 


*i 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


I 


THE  DELUGE  — 


Where  through  the  clouds  Parnassus'  summits  twain 
Point  upward  to  the  stars,  unmeasured  hight. 
Save  which  the  rolling  billows  covered  all : 
There  in  a  small  and  fragile  boat,  arrived, 
Deucalion  and  the  consort  of  his  couch, 
Prepared  to  worship  the  Corycian  Nymphs, 
The  mountain  deities,  and  Themis  kind, 
Who  in  that  age  revealed  in  oracles 
The  voice  of  fate.     As  he  no  other  lived 
So  good  and  just,  as  she  no  other  feared 
The  Gods. 

When  Jupiter  beheld  the  globe 
In  ruin  covered,  swept  with  wasting  waves. 
When  he  beheld  one  man  of  myriads  left. 
One  helpless  woman  left  of  myriads  lone. 
Both  innocent  and  worshiping  the  Gods, 
He  scattered  all  the  clouds;  he  blew  away 
The  great  storms  by  the  cold  northwind. 


'^j 


» 


t 


Once  more 


The  earth  appeared  to  heaven  and  the  skies 
Appeared  to  earth.    The  fury  of  the  main 


K 


/I 


24 


Abated,  for  the  Ocean-ruler  laid 
His  trident  down  and  pacified  the  waves. 
And  called  on  azure  Triton.  —  Triton  arose 
Above  the  waving  seas,  his  shoulders  mailed 
In  purple  shells.  —  He  bade  the  Triton  blow. 
Blow  in  his  sounding  shell,  the  wandering  streams 
And  rivers  to  recall  with  signal  known: 
A  hollow-wreathed  trumpet,  tapering  wide 
And  slender-stemmed,  the  Triton  took  amain 
And  wound  the  pearly  shell  at  midmost  sea. 
Betwixt  the  rising  and  the  setting  suns 
The  wildered  notes  resounded  shore  to  shore, 
And  as  it  touched  his  lips,  wet  with  the  brine 
Beneath  his  dripping  beard,  sounded  retreat: 
And  all  the  waters  of  the  land  and  sea 
Obeyed.     Their  fountains  heard  and  ceased  to  flow; 
Their  waves  subsided;  hidden  hills  uprose; 
Emerged  the  shores  of  ocean;  channels  filled 
With  flowing  streams;  the  soil  appeared;  the  land 
Increased  its  surface  as  the  waves  decreased : 
And  after  length  of  days  the  trees  put  forth. 
With  ooze  on  bending  boughs,  their  naked  tops. 

25 


^  ! 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


THE  DELUGE  — 


And  all  the  wasted  globe  was  now  restored, 
But  as  he  viewed  the  vast  and  silent  world 
Deucalion  wept  and  thus  to  Pyrrha  spake; 
"O  sister!  wife!  alone  of  woman  left! 
My  kindred  in  descent  and  origin ! 
Dearest  companion  of  my  marriage-bed, 
Doubly  endeared  by  deepening  dangers  borne,  — 
Of  all  the  dawn  and  eve  behold  of  earth. 
But  you  and  I  are  left  —  for  the  deep  sea 
Has  kept  the  rest!    And  what  prevents  the  tide 
From  overwhelming  us?    Remaining  clouds 
Affright  us.     How  could  you  endure  your  fears 
If  you  alone  were  rescued  by  this  fate. 
And  who  would  then  console  your  bitter  grief? 
Oh  be  assured,  if  you  were  buried  in  the  waves, 
That  I  would  follow  you  and  be  with  you ! 
Oh  would  that  by  my  father's  art  I  might 
Restore  the  people,  and  inspire  this  clay 
To  take  the  form  of  man.     Alas,  the  Gods 
Decreed  and  only  we  are  living!"    Thus 
Deucalion's  plaint  to  Pyrrha;  —  and  they  wept. 

26 


\ 


And  after  he  had  spoken,  they  resolved 
To  ask  the  aid  of  sacred  oracles,  — 
And  so  they  hastened  to  Cephissian  waves 
Which  rolled  a  turbid  flood  in  channels  known. 
Thence  when  their  robes  and  brows  were  sprinkled  o'er. 
They  turned  their  footsteps  to  the  Goddess'  fane : 
Its  gables  were  befouled  with  reeking  moss 
And  on  its  altars  every  fire  was  cold. 
But  when  the  twain  had  reached  the  temple  steps 
They  fell  upon  the  earth,  inspired  with  awe. 
And  kissed  the  cold  stone  with  their  trembling  lips, 
And  said;  "If  righteous  prayers  appease  the  Gods, 
And  if  the  wrath  of  high  celestial  powers 
May  thus  be  turned,  declare,  O  Themis!  whence 
And  what  the  art  may  raise  humanity? 
O  gentle  Goddess  help  the  dying  world!" 

Moved  by  their  supplications,  she  replied; 
"  Depart  from  me  and  veil  your  brows ;  ungird 
Your  robes,  and  cast  behind  you  as  you  go, 
The  bones  of  your  great  mother. "    Long  they  stood 

27 


^ 


t 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


In  dumb  amazement:  Pyrrha,  first  of  voice, 

Refused  the  mandate  and  with  trembling  lips 

Implored  the  Goddess  to  forgive  —  she  feared 

To  violate  her  mother's  bones  and  vex 

Her  sacred  spirit.    Often  pondered  they 

The  words  involved  in  such  obscurity, 

Repeating  oft:  and  thus  Deucalion 

To  Epimetheus'  daughter  uttered  speech 

Of  soothing  import;  "Oracles  are  just 

And  urge  not  evil  deeds,  or  naught  avails 

The  skill  of  thought.     Our  mother  is  the  Earth, 

And  I  may  judge  the  stones  of  earth  are  bones 

That  we  should  cast  behind  us  as  we  go." 

And  although  Pyrrha  by  his  words  was  moved 
She  hesitated  to  comply;  and  both  amazed 
Doubted  the  purpose  of  the  oracle, 
But  deemed  no  harm  to  come  of  trial.    They, 
Descending  from  the  temple,  veiled  their  heads 
And  loosed  their  robes  and  threw  some  stones 
Behind  them.     It  is  much  beyond  belief, 

28 


;i 


SS 


I 


THE  PYTHIAN  GAMES  — 


Were  not  receding  ages  witness,  hard 

And  rigid  stones  assumed  a  softer  form. 

Enlarging  as  their  brittle  nature  changed 

To  milder  substance,  till  the  shape  of  man 

Appeared,  imperfect,  faintly  outlined  first. 

As  marble  statue  chiseled  in  the  rough. 

The  soft  moist  parts  were  changed  to  softer  flesh. 

The  hard  and  brittle  substance  into  bones, 

The  veins  retained  their  ancient  name.    And  now 

The  Gods  supreme  ordained  that  every  stone 

Deucalion  threw  should  take  the  form  of  man. 

And  those  by  Pyrrha  cast  should  woman's  form 

Assume:   so  are  we  hardy  to  endure 

And  prove  by  toil  and  deeds  from  what  we  sprung. 


THE  PYTHIAN  GAMES- 

And  after  this  the  Earth  spontaneous 
Produced  the  world  of  animals,  when  all 
Remaining  moistures  of  the  mirey  fens 
Fermented  in  the  sun,  and  fruitful  seeds 
In  soils  nutritious  grew  to  shapes  ordained. 


29 


H 


I' 


i 


'\ 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


So  when  the  seven-streamed  Nile  from  oozy  fields 

Returneth  duly  to  her  ancient  bed, 

The  sun's  ethereal  rays  impregn  the  slime, 

That  haply  as  the  peasants  turn  the  soil 

They  find  strange  animals  unknown  before : 

Some  in  the  moment  of  their  birth,  and  some 

Deprived  of  limbs,  imperfect;  often  part 

Alive  and  part  of  slime  inanimate 

Behold  they  in  one  body.     Heat  combined 

With  moisture  so  conceives  and  life  results 

From  these  two  things.     For  though  the  flames  may  be 

The  foes  of  water,  everything  that  lives 

Begins  in  humid  vapour,  and  it  seems 

Discordant  concord  is  the  means  of  life. 

When  Earth,  spread  over  with  diluvian  ooze. 
Felt  heat  ethereal  from  the  glowing  sun. 
Unnumbered  species  to  the  light  she  gave. 
And  gave  to  being  many  an  ancient  form, 
Or  monster  new-created.    Unwilling  she 
Created  thus  enormous  Python.  —  Thou 

30 


#j 


» 


K 


I 


)" 


t 


^i  f 


THE  PYTHIAN  GAMES 


Unheard-of  serpent  spread  so  far  athwart 
The  side  of  a  vast  mountain  didst  fill  with  fear 
The  race  of  new-created  man.    The  God 
That  bears  the  bow  (a  weapon  used  till  then 
Only  to  hunt  the  deer  and  agile  goat) 
Destroyed  the  monster  with  a  myriad  darts, 
And  almost  emptied  all  his  quiver,  till 
Envenomed  gore  oozed  forth  from  livid  wounds. 

Lest  in  a  dark  oblivion  time  should  hide 
The  fame  of  this  achievement,  sacred  sports 
He  instituted,  from  the  Python  called 
"The  Pythian  Games. "     In  these  the  happy  youth 
Who  proved  victorious  in  the  chariot  race. 
Running  and  boxing,  with  an  honoured  crown 
Of  oak-leaves  was  en  wreathed.    The  laurel  then 
Was  not  created,  wherefore  Phoebus,  bright 
And  godlike,  beauteous  with  his  flowing  hair, 
Was  wont  to  wreathe  his  brows  with  various  leaves. 


31 


t, 


% 


'\ 


I 


I'f 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


D.VPHNE  AND  PHOEBUS  — 


DAPHNE  AND  PHCEBUS  — 

Daphne,  the  daughter  of  a  River-God 
Was  first  beloved  by  Phoebus,  the  great  God 
Of  glorious  light.     'Twas  not  a  cause  of  chance 
But  out  of  Cupid 's  vengeful  spite  that  she 
Was  fated  to  torment  the  lord  of  light. 
For  Phoebus,  proud  of  Python's  death,  beheld 
That  impish  God  of  Love  upon  a  time 
When  he  was  bending  his  diminished  bow, 
And  voicing  his  contempt  in  anger  said; 

"What,  wanton  boy,  are  mighty  arms  to  thee, 
Great  weapons  suited  to  the  needs  of  war? 
The  bow  is  only  for  the  use  of  those 
Large  deities  of  heaven  whose  strength  may  deal 
Wounds,  mortal,  to  the  savage  beasts  of  prey; 
And  who  courageous  overcome  their  foes.  — 
It  is  a  proper  weapon  to  the  use 
Of  such  as  slew  with  arrows  Python,  huge. 
Whose  pestilential  carcase  vast  extent 
Covered.     Content  thee  with  the  flames  thy  torch 

32 


V     <9 


Enkindles  (fires  too  subtle  for  my  thought) 
And  leave  to  me  the  glory  that  is  mine. " 


To  him,  undaunted,  Venus'  son  replied; 
"O  Phoebus,  thou  canst  conquer  all  the  world 
With  thy  strong  bow  and  arrows,  but  with  this 
Small  arrow  I  shall  pierce  thy  vaunting  breast ! 
And  by  the  measure  that  thy  might  exceeds 
The  broken  powers  of  thy  defeated  foes. 
So  is  thy  glory  less  than  mine. "    No  more 
He  said,  but  with  his  wings  expanded  thence 
Flew  lightly  to  Parnassus'  lofty  peak. 
There,  from  his  quiver  he  plucked  arrows  twain. 
Most  curiously  wrought  of  different  art, 
One  love  exciting,  one  repelling  love. 
The  dart  of  love  was  glittering,  gold  and  sharp, 
The  other  had  a  blunted  tip  of  lead; 
And  with  that  dull  lead  dart  he  shot  the  Nymph, 
But  with  the  keen  point  of  the  golden  dart 
He  pierced  the  bone  and  marrow  of  the  God. 

33 


f 


)  < 


'^ 


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METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


Immediately  the  one  with  love  was  filled, 
The  other,  scouting  at  the  thought  of  love. 
Rejoiced  in  the  deep  shadow  of  the  woods. 
And  as  the  virgin  Phoebe  (who  denies 
The  joys  of  love  and  loves  the  joys  of  chase) 
A  maiden's  fillet  bound  her  flowing  hair,  — 
And  her  pure  mind  denied  the  love  of  man. 
Beloved  and  wooed  she  wandered  silent  paths. 
For  never  could  her  modesty  endure 
The  glance  of  man  or  listen  to  his  love. 

Her  grieving  father  spoke  to  her,   "  Alas, 
My  daughter,  I  have  wished  a  son-in-law. 
For  thou  dost  owe  a  grandchild  to  the  joy 
Of  my  old  age. "     But  Daphne  only  hung 
Her  head  to  hide  her  shame.    The  nuptial  torch 
Seemed  criminal  to  her.    She  even  clung. 
Caressing,  with  her  arms  around  his  neck, 
And  pled,   "My  dearest  father  let  me  live 
A  virgin  always,  for  remember  thou 
Didst  give  me  to  Diana  at  my  birth." 

34 


i 


DAPHNE  AND  PHOEBUS 


9 


i 


But  though  her  father  promised  her  desire. 
Her  loveliness  prevailed  against  her  will; 
For,  Phoebus  when  he  saw  her  waxed  distraught, 
And  filled  with  wonder  his  sick  fancy  raised 
Delusive  hopes,  and  his  own  oracles 
Deceived  him.  —  As  the  stubble  in  the  field 
Flares  up,  or  as  the  stacked  wheat  is  consumed 
By  flames,  enkindled  from  a  spark  or  torch 
The  chance  pedestrian  may  neglect  at  dawn; 
So  was  the  bosom  of  the  God  consumed. 
And  so  desire  flamed  in  his  stricken  heart. 

He  saw  her  bright  hair  waving  on  her  neck;  — 
'  *  How  beautiful  if  properly  arranged ! " 
He  saw  her  eyes  like  stars  of  sparkling  fire. 
Her  lips  for  kissing  sweetest,  and  her  hands 
And  fingers  and  her  arms ;  her  shoulders  white 
As  ivory;  —  and  whatever  was  not  seen 
More  beautiful  must  be. 


35 


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METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


9 


DAPHNE  AND  PH(EBUS 


Swift  as  the  wind 
From  his  pursuing  feet  the  virgin  fled, 
And  neither  stopped  nor  heeded  as  he  called; 
"O  Nymph!     O  Daphne!     I  entreat  thee  stay, 
It  is  no  enemy  that  follows  thee  — 
Why,  so  the  lamb  leaps  from  the  raging  wolf, 
And  from  the  lion  runs  the  timid  faun, 
And  from  the  eagle  flies  the  trembling  dove, 
All  hasten  from  their  natural  enemy 
But  I  alone  pursue  for  my  dear  love. 
Alas,  if  thou  shouldst  fall  and  mar  thy  face, 
Or  tear  upon  the  bramble  thy  soft  thighs, 
Or  should  I  prove  unwilling  cause  of  pain! 

"The  wilderness  is  rough  and  dangerous. 
And  I  beseech  thee  be  more  careful  —  I 
Will  follow  slowly.  —  Ask  of  whom  thou  wilt. 
And  thou  shalt  learn  that  I  am  not  a  churl  — 
I  am  no  mountain-dweller  of  rude  caves. 
Nor  clown  compelled  to  watch  the  sheep  and  goats; 
And  neither  canst  thou  know  from  whom  thy  feet 
Fly  fearful,  or  thou  wouldst  not  leave  me  thus. 

36 


,»• 


"The  Delphic  Land,  the  Patarsean  Realm, 
Claros  and  Tenedos  revere  my  name, 
And  my  immortal  sire  is  Jupiter. 
The  present,  past  and  future  are  through  me 
In  sacred  oracles  revealed  to  man. 
And  from  my  harp  the  harmonies  of  sound 
Are  borrowed  by  their  bards  to  praise  the  Gods. 
My  bow  is  certain,  but  a  flaming  shaft 
Surpassing  mine  has  pierced  my  heart  — 
Untouched  before.    The  art  of  medicine 
Is  my  invention,  and  the  power  of  herbs. 
But  though  the  world  declare  my  useful  works 
There  is  no  herb  to  medicate  my  wound. 
And  all  the  arts  that  save  have  failed  their  lord. " 

But  even  as  he  made  his  plaint,  the  Nymph 
With  timid  footsteps  fled  from  his  approach. 
And  left  him  to  his  murmurs  and  his  pain. 

Lovely  the  virgin  seemed  as  the  soft  wind 
Exposed  her  limbs,  and  as  the  zephyrs  fond 
Fluttered  amid  her  garments,  and  the  breeze 

37 


< 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


DAPHNE  AND  PH(EBUS  — 


Fanned  lightly  in  her  flowing  hair.     She  seemed 
Most  lovely  to  his  fancy  in  her  flight ; 
And  mad  with  love  he  followed  in  her  steps, 
And  silent  hastened  his  increasing  speed. 

As  when  the  greyhound  sees  the  frightened  hare 
Flit  o'er  the  plain:  — With  eager  nose  outstretched, 
Impetuous,  he  rushes  on  his  prey. 
And  gains  upon  her  till  he  treads  her  feet, 
And  almost  fastens  in  her  side  his  fangs; 
But  she,  whilst  dreading  that  her  end  is  near. 
Is  suddenly  delivered  from  her  fright; 
So  was  it  with  the  God  and  virgin :  one 
With  hope  pursued,  the  other  fled  in  fear; 
And  he  who  followed,  borne  on  wings  of  love. 
Permitted  her  no  rest  and  gained  on  her, 
Until  his  warm  breath  mingled  in  her  hair. 

Her  strength  spent,  pale  and  faint,  with  pleading  eyes 
She  gazed  upon  her  father's  waves  and  prayed, 
"Help  me  my  father,  if  thy  flowing  streams 

38 


i 


'  (J 


o 


Have  virtue !    Cover  me,  0  mother  Earth ! 
Destroy  the  beauty  that  has  injured  me, 
Or  change  the  body  that  destroys  my  life. " 

Before  her  prayer  was  ended,  torpor  seized 
On  all  her  body,  and  a  thin  bark  closed 
Around  her  gentle  bosom,  and  her  hair 
Became  as  moving  leaves ;  her  arms  were  changed 
To  waving  branches,  and  her  active  feet 
As  clinging  roots  were  fastened  to  the  ground  — 
Her  face  was  hidden  with  encircling  leaves.  — 

Phoebus  admired  and  loved  the  graceful  tree, 
(For  still,  though  changed,  her  slender  form  remained) 
And  with  his  right  hand  lingering  on  the  trunk 
He  felt  her  bosom  throbbing  in  the  bark. 
He  clung  to  trunk  and  branch  as  though  to  twine 
His  form  with  hers,  and  fondly  kissed  the  wood 
That  shrank  from  every  kiss. 

And  thus  the  God; 
"Although  thou  canst  not  be  my  bride,  thou  shalt 
Be  called  my  chosen  tree,  and  thy  green  leaves, 

99 


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METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


10  AND  JUPITER 


O  Laurel!  shall  forever  crown  my  brows, 
Be  wreathed  around  my  quiver  and  my  lyre; 
The  Roman  heroes  shall  be  crowned  with  thee, 
As  long  processions  climb  the  Capitol 
And  chanting  throngs  proclaim  their  victories; 
And  as  a  faithful  warden  thou  shalt  guard 
The  civic  crown  of  oak-leaves  fixed  between 
Thy  branches,  and  before  Augustan  gates. 
And  as  my  youthful  head  is  never  shorn, 
So,  also,  shalt  thou  ever  bear  thy  leaves 
Unchanging  to  thy  glory." 

Here  the  God, 
Phcebus^ApoUo,  ended  his  lament, 
And  unto  him  the  Laurel  bent  her  boughs. 
So  lately  fashioned;  and  it  seemed  to  him 
Her  graceful  nod  gave  answer  to  his  love. 

10  AND  JUPITER 

There  is  a  grove  in  Thessaly,  enclosed 
On  every  side  with  crags,  precipitous,  — 
On  which  a  forest  grows  —  and  this  is  called 

40 


{ 


il 


o 


H 


The  Vale  of  Tempe  —  through  this  valley  flows 

The  River  Peneus,  white  with  foaming  waves, 

That  issue  from  the  foot  of  Pindus,  whence 

With  sudden  fall  up-gather  steamy  clouds 

That  sprinkle  mist  upon  the  circling  trees, 

And  far  away  with  mighty  roar  resound. 

It  is  the  abode,  the  solitary  home, 

That  mighty  River  loves,  where  deep  in  gloom 

Of  rocky  cavern,  he  resides  and  rules 

The  flowing  waters  and  the  water-nymphs 

Abiding  there.    All  rivers  of  that  land 

Now  hasten  thither,  doubtful  to  console 

Or  flatter  Daphne's  parent:  poplar-crowned 

Sperchios,  swift  Enipeus  and  the  wild 

Amphrysos,  old  Apidanus  and  ^Eas, 

With  all  their  kindred  streams  that  wandering  maze 

And  wearied  seek  the  ocean.     Inachus 

Alone  is  absent,  hidden  in  his  cave 

Obscure,  deepening  his  waters  with  his  tears  — 

Most  wretchedly  bewailing,  for  he  deems 

His  daughter  lo  lost;  and  if  she  lives 


41 


>. 


>; 


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V 


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METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


% 


Or  roams  a  spirit  in  the  nether  shades 

He  dare  not  even  guess  but  dreads  the  worst. 

For  Jove  not  long  before  had  seen  her  while 
Returning  from  her  father's  stream,  and  said; 
"  O  virgin,  worthy  of  immortal  Jove, 
Although  some  happy  mortal's  chosen  bride,  — 
Behold  these  shades  of  overhanging  trees, 
And  seek  their  cool  recesses  while  the  sun 
Is  glowing  in  the  hight  of  middle  skies  — " 
And  as  he  spoke  he  pointed  out  the  groves  — 
"But  should  the  dens  of  wild  beasts  frighten  thee. 
Thou  canst  with  safety  enter  the  deep  woods, 
Conducted  by  a  God  —  not  with  a  God 
Of  small  repute,  but  in  the  care  of  him 
Who  holds  the  heavenly  scepter  in  his  hand 
And  fulminates  the  trackless  thunder-bolts.  — 
Forsake  me  not!"    For  while  he  spoke  she  fled. 
And  swiftly  left  behind  the  pasture-fields 
Of  Lerna,  and  Lyrcea's  arbours,  where 
The  trees  are  planted  thickly.    But  the  God 

42 


lb  AND  JUPITER 


\ 


\ 


« 


I 


Called  forth  a  heavy  shadow  which  involved 
The  wide-extended  earth,  and  stopped  her  flight 
And  ravished  in  that  cloud  her  chastity. 

Meanwhile,  the  Goddess  Juno  gazing  down 
On  earth's  expanse,  with  wonder  saw  the  clouds 
As  dark  as  night  enfold  those  middle  fields 
While  day  was  bright  above.    She  was  convinced 
The  clouds  were  none  composed  of  river-mist 
Nor  raised  from  marshy  fens.    Suspicious  now. 
From  oft-detected  amours  of  her  spouse, 
She  glanced  around  to  find  her  absent  lord; 
And  after  she  had  found  him  far  from  heaven. 
She  thus  exclaimed;  "This  cloud  deceives  my  mind, 
Or  Jove  has  wronged  me. "    From  the  dome  of  heaven 
She  glided  down  and  stood  upon  the  earth. 
And  bade  the  clouds  recede.     But  Jove  had  known 
The  coming  of  his  queen.    He  had  transformed 
The  lovely  lo,  so  that  she  appeared 
A  milk-white  heifer  —  formed  so  beautiful 
And  fair  that  envious  Juno  gazed  on  her. 

43 


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t ' 


METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


She  queried :  "Whose?  what  herd?  what  pasture  fields? '' 

As  if  she  guessed  no  knowledge  of  the  truth. 

And  Jupiter,  false-hearted,  said  the  cow 

Was  earth-begotten,  for  he  feared  his  queen 

Might  make  inquiry  of  the  owner's  name. 

Juno  implored  the  heifer  as  a  gift.  — 

What  then  was  left  the  Father  of  the  Gods? 

'Twould  be  a  cruel  thing  to  sacrifice 

His  own  beloved  to  a  rival's  wrath. 

Although  refusal  must  imply  his  guilt 

The  shame  and  love  of  her  almost  prevailed; 

But  if  a  present  of  such  little  worth 

Were  now  denied  the  sharer  of  his  couch, 

The  partner  of  his  birth,  'twould  prove  indeed 

The  earth-born  heifer  other  than  she  seemed  — 

And  so  he  gave  his  mistress  up  to  her. 

Juno  regardful  of  Jove's  cunning  art. 
Lest  he  might  change  her  to  her  human  form, 
Gave  the  unhappy  heifer  to  the  charge 
Of  Argus,  Aristoride's,  whose  head 

44 


l<  ■'! 


V 


10  AND  JUPITER 


Was  circled  with  a  hundred  glowing  eyes; 
Of  which  but  two  did  slumber  in  their  turn 
Whilst  all  the  others  kept  on  watch  and  guard. 

Whichever  way  he  stood  his  gaze  was  fixed 
On  I6  —  even  if  he  turned  away 
His  watchful  eyes  on  I6  still  remained. 
He  let  her  feed  by  day;   but  when  the  sun 
Was  under  the  deep  world  he  shut  her  up, 
And  tied  a  rope  around  her  tender  neck. 

She  fed  upon  green  leaves  and  bitter  herbs, 
And  slept  upon  the  ground  too  often  bare. 
She  could  not  rest  upon  a  cushioned  couch. 
She  drank  the  troubled  waters.    Hoping  aid 
She  tried  to  stretch  imploring  arms  to  Argus, 
But  all  in  vain  for  now  no  arms  remained; 
The  sound  of  bellowing  was  all  she  heard. 
And  she  was  frightened  with  her  proper  voice. 

Where  former  days  she  loved  to  roam  and  sport. 
She  wandered  by  the  banks  of  Inachus : 
There  imaged  in  the  stream  she  saw  her  horns 

45 


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/ 


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METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


\h 


And,  startled,  turned  and  fled.    And  Inachus 
And  all  her  sister  Naiads  knew  her  not, 
Although  she  followed  them,  they  knew  her  not; 
Although  she  suffered  them  to  touch  her  sides 
And  praise  her. 

When  the  ancient  Inachus 
Gathered  sweet  herbs  and  offered  them  to  her. 
She  licked  his  hands,  kissing  her  father's  palms. 
Nor  could  she  more  restrain  her  falling  tears. 
If  only  words  as  well  as  tears  would  flow, 
She  might  implore  his  aid  and  tell  her  name 
And  all  her  sad  misfortune;  but,  instead. 
She  traced  in  dust  the  letters  of  her  name 
With  cloven  hoof;  and  thus  her  sad  estate 
Was  known. 

"Ah  wretched  me!"  her  father  cried; 
And  as  he  clung  around  her  horns  and  neck 
Repeated  while  she  groaned,     "Ah  wretched  me! 
Art  thou  my  daughter  sought  in  every  clime? 
When  lost  I  could  not  grieve  for  thee  as  now 

46 


W      i 


t^ 


<>' 


10  AND  JUPITER 


That  thou  art  found;  thy  sighs  instead  of  words 

Heave  up  from  thy  deep  breast,  thy  lowings  give 

Me  answer.    I  prepared  the  nuptial  torch 

And  bridal  chamber,  in  my  ignorance. 

Since  my  first  hope  was  for  a  son-in-law; 

And  then  I  dreamed  of  children  from  the  match : 

But  now  the  herd  may  furnish  thee  a  mate, 

And  all  thy  issue  of  the  herd  must  be. 

Oh  that  a  righteous  death  would  end  my  grief !  — 

It  is  a  dreadful  thing  to  be  a  God ! 

Behold  the  lethal  gate  of  death  is  shut 

Against  me,  and  my  growing  grief  must  last 

Throughout  eternity." 


While  thus  he  moaned 
Came  starry  Argus  there,  and  lo  bore 
From  her  lamenting  father.    Thence  he  led 
His  charge  to  other  pastures;  and  removed 
From  her,  upon  a  lofty  mountain  sat, 
Whence  he  could  always  watch  her,  imdisturbed. 

47 


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METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


10  AND  JUPITER 


The  Sovereign  God  no  longer  could  endure 
To  witness  I6's  woes.     He  called  his  son. 
Whom  Maia  brightest  of  the  Pleiades 
Brought  forth,  and  bade  him  slay  the  star-eyed  guard, 
Argus.    He  seized  his  sleep-compelling  wand 
And  fastened  waving  wings  on  his  swift  feet, 
And  deftly  fixed  his  brimmed  hat  on  his  head :  — 
Lo,  Mercury,  the  favoured  son  of  Jove, 
Descending  to  the  earth  from  heaven's  plains, 
Put  off  his  cap  and  wings,  —  though  still  retained 
His  wand  with  which  he  drove  through  pathless  wilds 
Some  stray  she-goats,  and  as  a  shepherd  fared. 
Piping  on  oaten  reeds  melodious  tunes. 

Argus,  delighted  with  the  charming  sound 
Of  this  new  art  began;     "Whoe'er  thou  art. 
Sit  with  me  on  this  stone  beneath  the  trees 
In  cooling  shade,  whilst  browse  the  tended  flock 
Abundant  herbs ;  for  thou  canst  see  the  shade 
Is  fit  for  shepherds. "     Wherefore,  Mercury 
Sat  down  beside  the  keeper  and  conversed 
Of  various  things  —  passing  the  laggard  hours.  — 

48 


^ 


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>^ 


* 


Then  soothly  piped  he  on  the  joined  reeds 
To  lull  those  ever-watchful  eyes  asleep ; 
But  Argus  strove  his  languor  to  o'ercome, 
And  though  some  drowsy  eyes  might  slumber,  still 
Were  some  that  vigil  kept.    Again  he  spoke, 
(For  that  the  pipes  were  yet  a  recent  art) 
"I  pray  thee  tell  what  chance  discovered  these." 

To  him  the  God,   "A  famous  Naiad  dwelt 
Among  the  Hamadryads,  on  the  cold 
Arcadian  summit  Nonacris,  whose  name 
Was  Syrinx.    Often  she  escaped  the  Gods, 
That  wandered  in  the  groves  of  sylvan  shades, 
And  often  fled  from  Satyrs  that  pursued. 
Vowing  virginity,  in  all  pursuits 
She  strove  to  emulate  Diana's  ways: 
And  as  that  graceful  Goddess  wears  her  robe. 
So  Syrinx  girded  hers  that  one  might  well 
Believe  Diana  there.    Even  though  her  bow 
Were  made  of  horn,  Diana's  wrought  of  gold, 
Yet  might  she  well  deceive. 

49 


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METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


10  AND  JUPITER 


"Now  chanced  it  Pan, 
Whose  head  was  girt  with  prickly  pines,  espied 
The  Nymph  returning  from  the  Lycian  Hill, 
And  these  words  uttered  he:''  —  But  Mercury 
Refrained  from  further  speech,  and  Pan's  appeal 
Remains  untold.     If  he  had  told  it  all. 
The  tale  of  Syrinx  would  have  followed  thus :  — 

But  she  despised  the  prayers  of  Pan,  and  fled 
Through  pathless  wilds  until  she  had  arrived 
The  placid  Ladon's  sandy  stream,  whose  waves 
Prevented  her  escape.    There  she  implored 
Her  sister  Nymphs  to  change  her  form :  and  Pan, 
Believing  he  had  caught  her,  held  instead 
Some  marsh-reeds  for  the  body  of  the  Nymph; 
And  whilst  he  sighed  the  moving  winds  began 
To  utter  plaintive  music  in  the  reeds. 
So  sweet  and  voice-like  that  poor  Pan  exclaimed; 
"Forever  this  discovery  shall  remain 
A  sweet  communion  binding  thee  to  me. "  — 
And  this  explains  why  reeds  of  different  length, 

50 


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f> 


^ 


K 


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4 


When  joined  together  by  cementing  wax, 
Derive  the  name  of  Syrinx  from  the  maid. 

Such  words  the  bright  God  Mercury  would  say; 
But  now  perceiving  Argus'  eyes  were  dimmed 
In  languorous  doze,  he  hushed  his  voice  and  touched 
The  drooping  eyelids  with  his  magic  wand, 
Compelling  slumber.     Then  without  delay 
He  struck  the  sleeper  with  his  crescent  sword. 
Where  neck  and  head  unite,  and  huried  his  head, 
Blood-dripping,  down  the  rocks  and  rugged  cliff. 

Low  lies  Argus :  dark  is  the  light  of  all 
His  hundred  eyes,  his  many-orbed  lights 
Extinguished  in  the  universal  gloom 
That  night  surrounds;  but  Saturn's  daughter  spread 
Their  glister  on  the  feathers  of  her  bird, 
Emblazoning  its  tail  with  starry  gems. 

Juno  made  haste,  inflamed  with  towering  rage, 
To  vent  her  wrath  on  IS ;  and  she  raised 
In  thought  and  vision  of  the  Grecian  giri 

51 


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METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


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I. 


10  AND  JUPITER 


A  dreadful  Fury.    Stings  invisible, 

And  pitiless,  she  planted  in  her  breast, 

And  drove  her  wandering  throughout  the  globe. 

The  utmost  limit  of  her  laboured  way, 
O  Nile,  thou  didst  remain.     Which,  having  reached, 
And  placed  her  tired  knees  on  that  river's  edge. 
She  laid  her  there,  and  as  she  raised  her  neck 
Looked  upward  to  the  stars,  and  groaned  and  wept 
And  mournfully  bellowed :  trying  thus  to  plead. 
By  all  the  means  she  had,  that  Jupiter 
Might  end  her  miseries.    Repentant  Jove 
Embraced  his  consort,  and  entreated  her 
To  end  the  punishment:    "Fear  not,"  he  said, 
"For  she  shall  trouble  thee  no  more."    He  spake, 
And  called  on  bitter  Styx  to  hear  his  oath. 

And  now  imperial  Juno,  pacified. 
Permitted  1(5  to  resume  her  form.  — 
At  once  the  hair  fell  from  her  snowy  sides; 
The  homs  absorbed,  her  dilate  orbs  decreased; 

52 


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The  opening  of  her  jaws  contracted;  hands 
Appeared  and  shoulders;  and  each  transformed  hoof 
Became  five  nails.    And  every  mark  or  form 
That  gave  the  semblance  of  a  heifer  changed. 
Except  her  fair  white  skin;  and  the  glad  Nymph 
Was  raised  erect  and  stood  upon  her  feet. 
But  long  the  very  thought  of  speech,  that  she 
Might  bellow  as  a  heifer,  filled  her  mind 
With  terror,  till  the  words  so  long  forgot 
For  some  sufficient  cause  were  tried  once  more. 

And  since  that  time,  the  linen-wearing  throng 
Of  Egypt  have  adored  her  as  a  God; 
For  they  believe  the  seed  of  Jove  prevailed; 
And  when  her  time  was  due  she  bore  to  him 
A  son  called  Epaphus;  who  also  dwells 
In  temples  with  his  mother  in  that  land. 

Now  Phaeton,  whose  father  was  the  Sun, 
Was  equal  to  his  rival,  Epaphus, 
In  mind  and  years;  and  he  was  fain  to  boast 

53 


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METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 

Of  wonders,  nor  would  yield  to  Epaphus 

For  pride  of  Phoebus,  his  reputed  sire. 

Unable  to  endure  it,  lo's  son 

Thus  mocked  him;   "Thou  demented  fellow,  what 

Wilt  thou  not  credit  if  thy  mother  speaks. 

Thou  art  so  puffed  up  with  the  fond  conceit 

Of  thy  imagined  sire,  the  Lord  of  Day." 


Shame  crimsoned  in  his  cheeks,  but  Phaeton 
Withholding  rage,  reported  all  the  taimts 
Of  Epaphus  to  Clymene  his  mother: 
"  'Twill  grieve  thee,  mother,  I,  the  bold  and  free, 
Was  silent;  and  it  shames  me  to  report 
This  dark  reproach  remains  unchallenged.    Thou, 
If  I  am  born  of  race  divine,  give  proof 
Of  that  illustrious  descent  and  claim 
My  right  to  Heaven. "    Around  his  mother's  neck 
He  drew  his  arms,  and  by  the  head  of  Merops, 
And  by  his  own,  and  by  the  nuptial  torch 
Of  his  beloved  sisters,  he  implored 
For  some  true  token  of  his  origin. 

64 


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10  AND  JUPITER 


Or  moved  by  Phaeton's  importuned  words. 
Or  by  the  grievous  charge,  who  might  declare? 
She  raised  her  arms  to  Heaven,  and  gazing  full 
Upon  the  broad  sun  said;   "I  swear  to  thee 
By  yonder  orb,  so  radiant  and  bright. 
Which  both  beholds  and  hears  us  while  we  speak. 
That  thou  art  his  begotten  son.  —  Thou  art 
The  child  of  that  great  light  which  sways  the  world 
And  if  I  have  not  spoken  what  is  true, 
Let  not  mine  eyes  behold  his  countenance, 
And  let  this  fatal  moment  be  the  last 
That  I  shall  look  upon  the  light  of  day ! 
Nor  will  it  weary  you,  my  son,  to  reach 
Your  father's  dwelling;  for  the  very  place 
Where  he  appears  at  dawn  is  near  our  land. 
Go,  if  it  please  you,  and  the  very  truth 
Learn  from  your  father."    Instantly  sprang  forth 
Exultant  Phaeton.    Overjoyed  with  words 
So  welcome,  he  imagined  he  could  leap 
And  touch  the  skies.    And  so  he  passed  his  land 
Of  Ethiopia,  and  the  Indies,  hot 

55 


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METAMORPHOSES  —  BOOK  I 


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Beneath  the  tawny  sun,  and  there  he  turned 
His  footsteps  to  his  father's  Land  of  Dawn. 


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